Reference SummaryBaldrick P, Toxicol Pathol 2007;35(4):562-9

Title

 Carcinogenicity evaluation: comparison of tumor data from dual control groups in the CD-1 mouse.

Authors

 Baldrick P; Reeve L

Journal

 Toxicol Pathol

Volume

 35

Issue

 4

Year

 2007

Pages

 562-9

Abstract

 Current regulatory thinking allows for the use of single control groups for rodent carcinogenicity testing although there has been a trend until recently to use dual control groups. To date, virtually nothing has been published on whether a shift from dual to single control groups will affect the identification of tumorigenic risk potential in these studies. A recent evaluation of dual control carcinogenicity data in the rat (Baldrick, Toxicol Pathol 2005, 33: 283-291) showed that although no major differences in tumor incidences between the control groups were found, some interstudy variation occurred and in cases were a notable difference was seen, the use of 2 control groups, as well as robust, contemporary background data, allowed an easier interpretation of findings in drug-treated groups. In this paper, the results of 10 mouse carcinogenicity studies, performed between 1991 and 2004, with 2 control groups, are presented. As in the rat, interstudy variation was seen and in some cases, the use of dual control groups assisted in the tumor risk assessment. Thus, the continued use of 2 control groups can have a vital role in mouse carcinogenicity studies. The paper also presents an update on survival, on the range and extent of background spontaneous neoplasms and comments on genetic drift in this commonly used mouse strain.

Links

 J:134840 – MGI References
17562489 – National Library of Medicine/PubMed

Strain Notes

Strain Note
CD-1 CD-1 (Crl:CD-1(ICR)BR) mice were purchased from Charles River.

Models
Strain Model Name Treatment Agent(s) Organ Affected Frequency Model Details
CD-1 Abdominal cavity tumor - histiocytic Abdominal cavity

10 - 12.5
CD-1 Adrenal gland - Cortex adenoma Adrenal gland - Cortex

0.4 - 0.8
CD-1 Adrenal gland - Medulla pheochromocytoma - benign Adrenal gland - Medulla

0.3 - 1.1
CD-1 Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell adenoma Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell

0.2 - 8.6
CD-1 Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell hyperplasia Adrenal gland - Subcapsular cell

observed
CD-1 Adrenal gland adenoma Adrenal gland

2.0
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Liver

0 - 5.0
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Spleen

0.4 - 2.0
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Uterus

1.3 - 3.9
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Skin

0.4
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Testis

0.6
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Lymph node - Mesenteric

1.1
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Bone - Femur

0.5
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Bone - Sternum

0.8
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Tail

1.3
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Leg

14
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Stomach

1.5
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma (Unspecified organ)

3.3 - 6.7
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Thymus

1.9
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangioma Abdominal cavity

20
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma Skin

0.3 - 0.6
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma Spleen

0.6
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma (Unspecified organ)

1.6 - 3.2
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma Liver

0.4 - 0.7
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma Intestine - Large Intestine - Colon

2.0
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma Bone

5.0
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma Muscle

0.9
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma Thoracic cavity

12.5
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma Uterus

0.4
CD-1 Blood vessel hemangiosarcoma Blood vessel

0 - 5.0
CD-1 Bone marrow hyperplasia Bone marrow

observed
CD-1 Bone osteoma Bone - Femur

0.3 - 0.7
CD-1 Bone osteoma Bone

11 - 33
CD-1 Bone osteosarcoma Skin

0.2 - 0.5
CD-1 Bone osteosarcoma Stomach

0.9
CD-1 Bone osteosarcoma Bone

10 - 67
CD-1 Bone osteosarcoma Uterus

1.7
CD-1 Connective tissue - Fibroblast fibrosarcoma Skin

0 - 8.3
CD-1 Ear - Zymbal gland carcinoma Ear - Zymbal gland

1.7
CD-1 Ear - Zymbal gland carcinoma - sebaceous Ear - Zymbal gland

1.7
CD-1 Eye - Harderian gland adenocarcinoma Eye - Harderian gland

0.8 - 2.4
CD-1 Eye - Harderian gland adenoma Eye - Harderian gland

7.4 - 19.4
CD-1 Gallbladder papilloma Gallbladder

0.5 - 1.1
CD-1 Intestine - Large Intestine - Cecum carcinoma Intestine - Large Intestine - Cecum

1.0
CD-1 Intestine - Small Intestine - Duodenum adenoma Intestine - Small Intestine - Duodenum

0.4
CD-1 Intestine - Small Intestine - Duodenum hyperplasia - avillous Intestine - Small Intestine - Duodenum

observed
CD-1 Intestine - Small Intestine - Jejunum adenoma Intestine - Small Intestine - Jejunum

2.1
CD-1 Kidney - Renal tubule adenoma Kidney - Renal tubule

0 - 0.5
CD-1 Kidney - Renal tubule carcinoma Kidney - Renal tubule

0 - 5.9
CD-1 Kidney cyst Kidney

observed
CD-1 Leg squamous cell papilloma Leg

50
CD-1 Leukocyte - Lymphocyte - B-lymphocyte - Plasma cell lymphoma - plasmacytic Leukocyte - Lymphocyte - B-lymphocyte - Plasma cell

0.7
CD-1 Leukocyte - Lymphocyte hyperplasia Lymph node - Mandibular

observed
CD-1 Leukocyte - Lymphocyte hyperplasia Lymph node - Mesenteric

observed
CD-1 Leukocyte - Lymphocyte hyperplasia Spleen

observed
CD-1 Leukocyte - Lymphocyte hyperplasia Thymus

observed
CD-1 Leukocyte - Lymphocyte leukemia - lymphocytic Spleen

3.1 - 5.1
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma Liver

0 - 0.7
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte

0 - 6.7
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma Uterus

0 - 12.5
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma Skin

0.4
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma Epididymis

2.0
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma Uterus - Cervix

1.7
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma Connective tissue

20
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma Vagina

1.7
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytic sarcoma Lymph node - Mesenteric

2.0
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytoma - benign Skin

1.1
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytoma - benign Preputial gland (male)

3.1 - 5.9
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytoma - benign Epididymis

0.6
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytoma - benign Ear

12.5
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytoma - benign Clitoral gland

1.7
CD-1 Leukocyte - Monocyte - Macrophage - Histiocyte histiocytoma - benign Vagina

1.6
CD-1 Leukocyte - Myelocyte (Granulocyte) - Basophil - Mast cell tumor Leukocyte - Myelocyte (Granulocyte) - Basophil - Mast cell

0.8 - 1.0
CD-1 Leukocyte - Myelocyte (Granulocyte) leukemia - myelocytic Leukocyte - Myelocyte (Granulocyte)

1.4 - 4.8
CD-1 Leukocyte leukemia - unclassified Leukocyte

0.3 - 0.8
CD-1 Leukocyte leukemia - undifferentiated Leukocyte

20
CD-1 Leukocyte lymphoma - lymphoblastic Leukocyte

1.4 - 6.8
CD-1 Leukocyte lymphoma - lymphocytic Leukocyte

1.7 - 9.8
CD-1 Leukocyte lymphoma - pleomorphic Leukocyte

7.9 - 23.3
CD-1 Leukocyte lymphoma - unclassified Leukocyte

3.6 - 18.6
CD-1 Liver carcinoma - histiocytic Liver

2.0
CD-1 Liver hepatocellular adenoma Liver

0 - 28.3
CD-1 Liver hepatocellular carcinoma Liver

0 - 3.2
CD-1 Lung adenoma Lung

3.3 - 23.5
CD-1 Lung carcinoma Lung

1.7 - 13.2
CD-1 Mammary gland adenocarcinoma Mammary gland

0 - 4.7
CD-1 Mammary gland adenoma Mammary gland

1.2
CD-1 Mammary gland carcinosarcoma Mammary gland

0.8 - 4.0
CD-1 Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma Skin

0 - 6.7
CD-1 Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma Uterus - Endometrium - Stroma

1.0 - 1.6
CD-1 Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma Abdominal cavity

10.5 - 17
CD-1 Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma Ear

25
CD-1 Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma Vagina

1.7
CD-1 Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma Kidney

0.9
CD-1 Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma Thoracic cavity

4.2 - 7.7
CD-1 Mesodermal cell/mesoblast sarcoma Uterus

1.7
CD-1 Muscle - Smooth leiomyoma Uterus

3.3 - 9.8
CD-1 Muscle - Smooth leiomyoma Stomach

2.0
CD-1 Muscle - Smooth leiomyoma Ovary

0.6
CD-1 Muscle - Smooth leiomyoma Uterus - Cervix

1.7
CD-1 Muscle - Smooth leiomyosarcoma Uterus

0.5 - 0.9
CD-1 Muscle - Smooth leiomyosarcoma Esophagus

2.0
CD-1 Muscle - Striated - Skeletal rhabdomyosarcoma Skin

1.5
CD-1 Oral cavity squamous cell papilloma Oral cavity

100
CD-1 Ovary - Granulosa cell tumor - benign Ovary - Granulosa cell

0.9 - 1.1
CD-1 Ovary - Sertoli cell tumor - benign Ovary - Sertoli cell

1.6
CD-1 Ovary - Sex cord stromal cell tumor - benign Ovary - Sex cord stromal cell

0.6
CD-1 Ovary adenoma - tubulostromal Ovary

0.6 - 1.2
CD-1 Ovary cyst Ovary

observed
CD-1 Ovary cystadenoma Ovary

0.7 - 0.9
CD-1 Ovary luteoma Ovary

0.7 - 1.4
CD-1 Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans adenoma Pancreas - Islet of Langerhans

0 - 7.8
CD-1 Parathyroid gland adenoma Parathyroid gland

0.6
CD-1 Pituitary gland adenoma Pituitary gland

0 - 6.8
CD-1 Pituitary gland carcinoma Pituitary gland

1.6
CD-1 Salivary gland adenocarcinoma Salivary gland

1.6
CD-1 Salivary gland carcinoma Salivary gland

1.7
CD-1 Skin - Epidermis - Basal cell tumor - malignant Skin - Epidermis - Basal cell

0.6
CD-1 Skin - Hair follicle - Basal cell trichoepithelioma Skin - Hair follicle - Basal cell

2.0
CD-1 Skin - Hair follicle tumor Skin - Hair follicle

0.9
CD-1 Skin - Melanocyte melanoma - benign Skin - Melanocyte

1.7
CD-1 Skin adenoma - sebaceous Skin

0.9 - 1.8
CD-1 Skin keratoacanthoma Skin

2.0
CD-1 Skin squamous cell carcinoma Skin

0.3 - 0.7
CD-1 Skin squamous cell papilloma Skin

0.2 - 0.4
CD-1 Stomach adenoma Stomach

1.0
CD-1 Stomach squamous cell papilloma Stomach

0.3 - 0.6
CD-1 Testis - Leydig cell (Interstitial cell) hyperplasia Testis - Leydig cell (Interstitial cell)

observed
CD-1 Testis - Leydig cell (Interstitial cell) tumor - benign Testis - Leydig cell (Interstitial cell)

1.5 - 1.9
CD-1 Testis - Rete testis adenoma Testis - Rete testis

1.7
CD-1 Thymus cyst Thymus

observed
CD-1 Thymus thymoma Thymus

0.6 - 0.7
CD-1 Thyroid gland - Follicular cell adenoma Thyroid gland - Follicular cell

0.3 - 0.7
CD-1 Thyroid gland - Follicular cell cyst Thyroid gland - Follicular cell

observed
CD-1 Tongue squamous cell papilloma Tongue

0.8 - 1.5
CD-1 Tooth tumor - benign Oral cavity

100
CD-1 Uterus - Cervix - Stroma polyp Uterus - Cervix - Stroma

1.7
CD-1 Uterus - Endometrium - Stroma polyp Uterus - Endometrium - Stroma

0 - 17.6
CD-1 Uterus - Endometrium hyperplasia Uterus - Endometrium

observed
CD-1 Uterus adenoma Uterus

0.6
CD-1 Uterus metaplasia - squamous Uterus

observed
CD-1 Uterus tumor - granular cell - benign Uterus

0.8
CD-1 Vagina squamous cell hyperplasia Vagina

observed
CD-1 (Unspecified organ) histiocytoma - fibrous - malignant Skin

0 - 10.9
CD-1 (Unspecified organ) neoplasm (Unspecified organ)

79 - 86
CD-1 (Unspecified organ) neoplasm - benign (Unspecified organ)

37 - 56
CD-1 (Unspecified organ) neoplasm - malignant (Unspecified organ)

24 - 49